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Mann, Virginia A. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1993
One hundred kindergarten children completed a phoneme segmentation test, an invented spelling test, and two tests of visual-motor ability. Scores on both tests of phoneme awareness predicted between 30% and 40% of variance in reading ability a year later, while visual-motor scores bore a less substantial relationship to future reading ability.…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Invented Spelling, Kindergarten, Phonemes