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Klein, Anton S.; Beishuizen, Meindert; Treffers, Adri – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1998
Compares two experimental programs for teaching mental addition and subtraction in the Dutch second grade (N=275). Discusses realistic program design (RPD) and gradual program design (GPD). Concludes that RPD pupils show a more varied use of solution procedures than GPD pupils. Contains 46 references. (Author/ASK)
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation

Lemoyne, Gisele; Favreau, Mireille – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1981
The object of this study was to specify the relationship between logical and numerical structures by examining the processes used by operational and preoperational children in solving simple addition and subtraction problems. (MP)
Descriptors: Addition, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Educational Research