The research aimed at identifying approaches for building a bilingual individual through written an academic text, using five text types for achieving this goal. The analysis of text types used in this study were glossed, bilingual, dictionary assisted text, authentic, task-based text that reveals valuable insights into their effectiveness and…

Second language (L2) grammar learning is difficult. Two frameworks--the psycholinguistic lexical bottleneck hypothesis and the neurocognitive declarative/procedural model--predict that faster L2 lexical processing should facilitate L2 incidental grammar learning. We tested these predictions in a pretest-posttest syntactic adaptation study of…

In recent decades there has been renewed interest in the teaching of grammar as part of primary pedagogical practice. It is now well over a decade since the Australian Curriculum: English was released incorporating a model of language requiring the explicit teaching and understanding of grammar from both a traditional and functional perspective.…

Purpose: Prior work has found that "late talkers" (LTs) as a group continue to demonstrate lower language and reading outcomes compared to their typically developing (TD) peers even into young adulthood. Others identified that children diagnosed with developmental language disorder (DLD) show difficulties later with theory of mind (ToM)…

Technological advancements have not only introduced new tools for language education but also tailored apps and resources for specific language skills. These include mobile apps (e.g., "Drops: Language Learning Games" for vocabulary), websites (e.g., "SpanishDict" for Spanish dictionary and grammar), and reference tools (e.g.,…

Background: The utilisation of video-dubbing tasks, wherein learners record their voices over video clips to practise pronunciation, fluency, grammatical accuracy, and vocabulary use, is relatively novel in the English language learning context. Exploring the effectiveness of video-dubbing tasks can lead to more innovative and effective speaking…

Purpose: Children from low socioeconomic environments (SEEs; i.e., families with parental education of high school or less and/or household income at or below federal poverty threshold) reportedly produce fewer vocabulary words compared to their higher SEE peers. However, whether that indicates a language delay or disorder is unclear since…

Studies on teachers' beliefs about vocabulary learning and teaching have focused, so far, on English as a second language (L2), or foreign language (FL), in different contexts but little attention has been given to other L2s and FLs. In this study, 15 Spanish L2 instructors at large universities were interviewed in order to better understand where…

This study examines the reflections of using Pixton, the digital comics Web 2.0 tool, on the basic language skills of international exchange students under the Erasmus+ program. For this purpose, student-made comic strips were used to teach the basic grammar of the language, which resulted in using the language in their daily lives and supporting…

This article explores how leading textbook authors select and instruct vocabulary in beginner and intermediate Chinese textbooks used in the United States. Leading textbook authors were approached; subsequently; four authors completed interviews with pre-designed questions. Grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the interviews, and their…

Responding to the pivotal role of English nowadays, higher education institutions require every student to take an English course. In higher education, teaching English focuses more on the specific discipline of the students. It helps students to have good English capabilities within their field of study. Writing skill is demanded because the…

This study explored the effects of listening-based lexical focus-on-form (lexical FonF) on the acquisition and retention of morphologically complex words. One hundred eighty-two adult English learners with two levels of English proficiency (higher and lower proficiency) from a public university in mainland China were assigned to three different…

The present study examines the mechanisms of lexical case acquisition in Russian by two-to-five-year-old Russian monolingual (n = 54) and Russian-English bilingual children (n = 38). Participants performed a picture-based sentence completion task. Sentences were constructed to elicit production of real Russian words (n = 24) and nonce words (n =…

Despite the significant impact of the lexical approach for vocabulary learning, its classroom implementation has not been uniform. While related activities share the common Observe-Hypothesize-Experiment (OHE) elements, practitioners and researchers do not highlight how language input from the observing stage is turned into output and at what…

Research on the effects of bilingualism on third language (L3) development set in bilingual communities is scarce, outdated, and has provided mixed results. This study investigated the effects of exposure and age of onset of acquisition (AOA) of L3-English, as well as first and second language (L1/L2) skills and use, in the development of…