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Lowe, Pardee, Jr. – Unterrichtspraxis, 1985
Describes principles for designing a proficiency-based course to prepare students for the ACTFL/ETS Advanced Plus/Superior level according to Interagency Language Roundtable guidelines. Proposes ways to combine grammatical and "functional/notional" syllabuses with a proficiency approach. Examines the implications of these principles for…
Descriptors: Behavioral Objectives, Communicative Competence (Languages), Curriculum Design, Grammar
Portine, H. – Francais dans le Monde, 1983
For many years rhetoric and grammar were linked in foreign language education, and then they drifted apart. More recently, pragmatics, the study of meaning related to language use in a natural context, has returned and appears in some form in the communicative approach, situational language instruction, and the notional functional approach. (MSE)
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), Educational History, Educational Strategies, Grammar