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Yanyu Guo; Boping Yuan – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2025
This article reports on an empirical study of L3 Mandarin, aiming to shed light on transfer effects and their interaction with other factors throughout the L3 acquisition trajectory. A fill-in-the-blank task was employed to examine L2 and L3 acquisition of three types of Mandarin sentence-final particle clusters. Participants in the study were…
Descriptors: Mandarin Chinese, Sino Tibetan Languages, English (Second Language), English
Diaubalick, Tim; Eibensteiner, Lukas; Salaberry, M. Rafael – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
Building up on studies that have revealed L2 transfer of imperfective meaning from one Romance language into another [Salaberry, M. R. (2005). Evidence for transfer of knowledge of aspect from L2 Spanish to L3 Portuguese. In D. Ayoun & R. Salaberry (Eds.), "Tense and aspect in romance languages: Theoretical and applied perspectives"…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Morphemes, German, Spanish
Ares Llop Naya; Eloi Puig-Mayenco; Anna Paradís – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2025
This paper provides fresh insights on how PIs (Polarity Items) in non-veridical contexts (questions and conditionals) are represented in the grammar of multilingual learners of Catalan at different stages of development. It explores how this non-native grammatical system interacts with other previously acquired systems of negation and the implicit…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, English (Second Language), English
Jeongsoo Lim – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2024
As globalisation advances, an influx of loanwords has been seen in many languages in recent years. Japanese and Korean have similar grammatical features and many English-based loanwords. This study aims to clarify the difference in loanwords in Japanese and Korean adaptation, focusing on substituting alternative native lexicons through COVID-19.…
Descriptors: Linguistic Borrowing, Japanese, Korean, Native Language
Zarrinabadi, Nourollah; Rezazadeh, Mohsen; Chehrazi, Abdollah – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
This study sought to investigate the relationship between language mindsets and grammar learning strategies and grammatical performance among English as L2 and L3 learners. Moreover, this study examined fixed and growth language mindsets across gender and language groups. The sample included 320 (N[subscript L2] = 160, N[subscript L3] = 160)…
Descriptors: Grammar, Learning Strategies, Student Attitudes, Second Language Learning
Hermas, Abdelkader – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
This study investigates the acquisition of genericity in L2 French and L3 English. While some exponents become generic by assembling morphological, syntactic and discursive cues, definite singular nominals additionally require the well-established kind restriction. It is a pragmatic and language-specific constraint. The participants are L1 Arabic…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), French
Roha M. Kaipa; Sarah Wendelbo – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2025
The research on language acquisition and retention has primarily focused on monolinguals and bilinguals, with comparatively few studies including trilinguals. To address this gap, the current study compares the acquisition and retention of a novel morphosyntactic rule in Spanish in twelve monolinguals, twelve bilinguals, and twelve trilinguals.…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Spanish
Barrios, Elvira; López-Gutiérrez, Aurora – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
This paper reports on a study aimed to investigate students' development in English proficiency over a four-year partially English-taught programme that did not integrate any explicit language learning goals. Additionally, the study investigated their perceptions concerning language gains and experiences in the programme. Both quantitative and…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language of Instruction, Teacher Education Programs
Yanjiao Zhu; Peggy Mok – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2024
This study examines the production of third language (L3) German consonant clusters by 26 L1 Cantonese-L2 English bilinguals, with the aim of uncovering the possible cross-linguistic influences on L3 pronunciation. Learners' production of 17 onset and 21 coda German consonant clusters were auditorily analysed with respect to accuracy and error…
Descriptors: Phonemes, Pronunciation, Sino Tibetan Languages, English (Second Language)
Arnaus Gil, Laia – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
Literature on early language acquisition has observed that age of onset of acquisition (AoA) is relevant for certain grammatical phenomena. Simultaneous bilinguals receive regular and extensive exposure to two languages from birth (Müller, 2009), whereas sequential child learners get in extensive contact to L[subscript B] once the L[subscript A]…
Descriptors: Dialects, Language Variation, Romance Languages, Phrase Structure
Arshad Ali Khan; Amina Khalid; Tahir Saleem – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2024
This study investigates the function and morphosyntax of English Embedded Language (EL) islands in Pashto-English bilingual data, using the Matrix Language Frame model to explore the role of the two languages in codeswitching and the pragmatic force behind the selection of EL islands. A dataset of 14 hours was collected from AVT Khyber, a YouTube…
Descriptors: Code Switching (Language), English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Indo European Languages
Francesco Vallerossa – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2024
The study investigates the reflections on tempo-aspectual morphology in Italian expressed by undergraduate multilingual learners with previous knowledge of Swedish and a Romance language (N = 22). The reflections of the participants, who were divided into four groups depending on a combination of proficiency in their background Romance language…
Descriptors: Verbs, Morphemes, Morphology (Languages), Language Proficiency
Jensen, Isabel Nadine; Mitrofanova, Natalia; Anderssen, Merete; Rodina, Yulia; Slabakova, Roumyana; Westergaard, Marit – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
In this study, we investigated crosslinguistic influence (CLI) at developmental stages of third language (L3) acquisition of English by Russian--Norwegian children (N = 31). We tested seven linguistic properties within three linguistic modules (morphology, syntax and syntax-semantics). We compared the L3 learners to Norwegian (N = 90) and Russian…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
Zuzana Toth; Tomáš Hlava; Beatriz Gómez-Pablos – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2024
The study addresses the research gap of how being a speaker of a Slavic language influences the ability to convey tempo-aspectual meanings in Romance languages by examining personal and impersonal narratives delivered in written and spoken mode by learners of L3 Spanish and L3 Italian with L1 Slovak and L2 English. Narratives are analysed…
Descriptors: Interlanguage, Romance Languages, Slavic Languages, Native Speakers
Jennifer Cabrelli; Michael Iverson – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2024
While formal L3 morphosyntactic acquisition research has focused on the roles of the L1 versus L2 during the L3 initial stages, we examine their roles during development. Specifically, we explore whether the L3 (here, Portuguese) revision process after non-facilitative transfer differs whether the initial L3 representation reflects the L1 or L2.…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Transfer of Training