Methods for applying individualization in marking work are presented, and include an explanation of the differentiation between marking and correcting, the meaning of focus, and a discussion of the purpose of the initial conference, as well as other aspects of individualization. (HP)

"It" as a personal pronoun is used in many expressions without reference to persons or things. Chinese students of English as a second language find the different uses hard to understand. The differing uses of "it" in English and Chinese and errors made by Chinese students are discussed. (SW)

Ideally the ESL (English as a Second Language) teacher should have access to elaborate audiovisual equipment. When this is not possible due to stringent budgeting, extremely effective lessons can be based on a simple picture or picture series. The same pictures can be reused to teach a variety of structures. (CFM)

This paper discusses the selection and ordering of language items, one of the central issues in foreign language teaching. Three approaches to sequencing are considered: the communicative competence, the linguistic stem, and the notional approaches. (CFM)

A study was conducted to test various explanations of the error of unmarked noun plurals made by first generation Italian immigrants. The error appeared to be "fossilized" or not eradicated over a period of time. (SW)

The sound system of English is described in all its complexity, from the relationship between spelling and pronunciation to the rules of connected speech, focusing on the methods and rationale of teaching pronunciation of English, particularly to English as a second language learners. (CB)