In teaching Turkish language as a foreign language, the purpose is to enable the target audience, who have diverse purposes for learning the language, coming from a variety of cultures and languages, to reach such a level that they could understand whatever they listen and read and they could express their feelings, thoughts and dreams verbally as…

Research on teacher cognition, which mainly focuses on identifying what teachers think, know and believe, is essential to understanding teachers' cognitive framework as it relates to the instructional choices they make. The aim of this study is to find out the beliefs of non-native speaker teachers of English on grammar instruction and to explain…

In this "First Person Singular" essay, the author describes her education, teaching experience, and interest in understanding the learning of language. Anyone reading this essay will not be surprised to learn that the author's questions about language learning and optimal teaching methods were only met with further questions, and no…

Research on textual enhancement (TE) has given rise to several factors that may play a role in generating learners' noticing of target forms, one of which pertains to the nature of the target form(s). In particular, results have suggested that learners are more likely to notice more meaning-bearing forms than less meaning-bearing forms.…

This article addresses the question of how far working memory may affect second language (L2) learners' improvement in spoken language during a period of immersion. Research is presented testing the hypothesis that individual differences in working memory (WM) capacity are associated with individual variation in improvements in oral production of…

This study of 134 college-level learners of German, enrolled in four years of instruction, showed them to "essentialize" German grammar when asked to describe it to a hypothetical friend. Kubota defined the term essentialization to capture learners' views of the target culture. Its main characteristic is the presupposition of "essential, stable,…

This graduate level text on second language learning is divided into three sections. The first two sections provide a survey of the historical underpinnings of second language research in contrastive analysis and error analysis. The third section includes discussions of recent developments in the field. The first section contains articles on the…

This paper describes a teacher education program that integrates second language acquisition theory and research with language teaching methods, practical issues, and the development of collegiality in a cooperative professor-student approach. Although not all theoretical approaches may find direct application in the classroom, many have informed…

This is the second annual listing of graduate theses and dissertations in English as a second language (ESL). The studies cited here were completed during the academic year 1976-77. The listing is intended to provide graduate students and others doing research in ESL and related fields with specific, comprehensive data on current graduate-level…

This is the third annual listing of graduate theses and dissertations in English as a Second Language (ESL). The studies cited here were completed during the academic year 1977-1978. The listing is intended to provide graduate students and others doing research in ESL and related fields with specific, comprehensive data on current graduate-level…