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Sheng Bi; Zeyi Miao; Qizhi Min – IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2025
The objective of question generation from knowledge graphs (KGQG) is to create coherent and answerable questions from a given subgraph and a specified answer entity. KGQG has garnered significant attention due to its pivotal role in enhancing online education. Encoder-decoder architectures have advanced traditional KGQG approaches. However, these…
Descriptors: Grammar, Models, Questioning Techniques, Graphs
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Young, John W.; Morgan, Rick; Rybinski, Paul; Steinberg, Jonathan; Wang, Yuan – ETS Research Report Series, 2013
The "TOEFL Junior"® Standard Test is an assessment that measures the degree to which middle school-aged students learning English as a second language have attained proficiency in the academic and social English skills representative of English-medium instructional environments. The assessment measures skills in three areas: listening…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Items, Language Tests, Second Language Learning
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Lynch, Collin F., Ed.; Merceron, Agathe, Ed.; Desmarais, Michel, Ed.; Nkambou, Roger, Ed. – International Educational Data Mining Society, 2019
The 12th iteration of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2019) is organized under the auspices of the International Educational Data Mining Society in Montreal, Canada. The theme of this year's conference is EDM in Open-Ended Domains. As EDM has matured it has increasingly been applied to open-ended and ill-defined tasks…
Descriptors: Data Collection, Data Analysis, Information Retrieval, Content Analysis