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Malcolm, Ian G. – Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 2013
Aboriginal English has been documented in widely separated parts of Australia and, despite some stylistic and regional variation, is remarkably consistent across the continent, and provides a vehicle for the common expression of Aboriginal identity. There is, however, some indeterminacy in the way in which the term is used in much academic and…
Descriptors: Grammar, English, Foreign Countries, Language Variation

Schumann, John H. – Language Learning, 1986
Analysis of basilang speech (in terms of word order, reference to time, and reference to space) of Chinese, Spanish, and Japanese speakers of English as a second language indicated that oriental subjects tended not to use prepositions and that Spanish-speaking subjects tended to use "in" to express most locative meanings. (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Adverbs, Chinese, Correlation, Discourse Analysis
Richards, Jack C. – 1978
From a consideration of variability in language-learner and language-user data, the concept of proficiency is considered in relation to models of second and foreign language learning. Proficiency is defined in relation to four separate dimensions: grammatical well-formedness, speech-act rules, functional elaboration, and code diversity. This…
Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Cultural Influences, English, English (Second Language)
Graham, Janet G. – 1981
Causes of language fossilization and ways to overcome it are considered. Fossilization is the relatively permanent incorporation of incorrect linguistic forms into a person's second language competence. The discussion is focused on fossilization of incorrect syntactical rules, based on experiences with learners of English as a second language at…
Descriptors: College Second Language Programs, College Students, English (Second Language), Error Analysis (Language)
Mathuna, Liam Mac; Singleton, David – 1984
Papers presented at the symposium on the relationship between language and culture include, in addition to an opening adress: "Sociosemiotics Across Cultures" (Wolfgang Kuhlwein); "Translation Across Languages or Across Cultures?" (Albrecht Neubert); "Grammatical Categories Across Cultures" (Olga Tomic); "On…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Child Language, Children, Contrastive Linguistics