The group's absence norm, a construct from the applied psychology literature, was used to examine session absences in personal growth groups. Rather than examining the absence norm statically, we modeled it dynamically as a time-varying covariate (Tasca et al., 2010). We also examined moderation by modeling the interaction of the absence norm and…

Examined relationship between realistic, interpersonal, and here-and-now agendas and group members' in-session behavior and outcome among 24 college students in established personal growth groups. Found that group members who set here-and-now session agendas enacted more in-group intimate behaviors and had better outcomes than did members in…

Interpersonal feedback is an important component of most group therapy approaches. This review identifies feedback as a multidimensional rather than a unidimensional construct. The literature is reviewed in terms of acceptance of feedback, effects of receiving feedback, willingness to deliver feedback, and therapeutic effects of delivering…

Explored projection in group counseling by examining relationship between college student group members' (n=118) interpersonal problems and their perception of group leader. Found that, during first 10 group sessions, overly dominant group members perceived group leaders as more dominant and overly cold group members perceived group leaders as…

Examined group participant interpersonal style, group development stage, and endorsement of therapeutic factors. Classified critical incidents forms completed by 36 growth-group members. More affiliative participants emphasized cognitive factors; nonaffiliative participants emphasized behavioral factors. Universality and hope decreased and…

Nine career groups totaling 47 college students completed the How Career Groups Work Questionnaire. Results indicate career group participants highly value change mechanisms involving expressing feelings, universality, cohesion, and taking responsibility for oneself. (CH)

Studied participants identified as either people- oriented or task-oriented given group vocational counseling using a learning through interaction method, or a learning through individual problem solving method. Results show counseling approaches that were congruent with personality types were more effective in terms of amount of information…

Tested hypotheses that clients' perceptions of therapeutic factors depend on the stage of group development and on client individual difference variables, using critical incident reports obtained from 18 participants in three 11-session counseling groups. Results indicated differences in relative importance of therapeutic factors as seen by group…

Performed two studies to examine things unsaid in group counseling. Examined categories of things unsaid, relationships between types of things unsaid, stage of group development, and gender. Found more advice and outside things unsaid during orientation-inclusion stage and more positive feeling and empathic things unsaid during affection-cohesion…