The present paper aims to discuss how data from international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) can be utilized and combined, even with other existing data sources, in order to monitor educational outcomes and study the effectiveness of educational systems. We consider different purposes of linking data, namely, extending outcomes measures,…

Controlled Drawing Observation (CDO) was developed by Tove Krogh and it has been used in Denmark, Finland and Estonia for assessing a child's readiness for school. CDO is a group test, it gives information about a child's functioning in an educational setting and it serves as a starting point for later individual assessment. The goal of the study…

The terms reading disability and dyslexia are discussed, as well as the meaning of function analysis as a way of diagnosing behavior and difficulties in reading and spelling. The author's model classifies reading disability and dyslexia as auditory, auditory-visual, visual, emotional, or pedagogic. The Bergen Study is described. (Author/LMO)