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Direct linkAmy Ellen Schwartz; Leanna Stiefel; Michah W. Rothbart – Grantee Submission, 2016
Recent research finds that grade span affects academic achievement, but only speculates about the mechanisms. In this prepublication version of the study, we examine one commonly cited mechanism, the top dog/bottom dog phenomenon, which states that students at the top of a grade span ("top dogs") have better experiences than those at the…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Bullying, Public Schools, Safety
Amy Ellen Schwartz; Leanna Stiefel; Michah W. Rothbart – American Educational Research Journal, 2016
Recent research finds that grade span affects academic achievement but only speculates about the mechanisms. In this study, we examine one commonly cited mechanism, the top dog/bottom dog phenomenon, which states that students at the top of a grade span ("top dogs") have better experiences than those at the bottom ("bottom…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Bullying, Public Schools, Safety
