Various types of visuals are included in social studies textbooks such as pictures, illustrations, maps, and photographs as they are considered powerful learning aids. Therefore, it is important to investigate how visuals in social studies textbooks are perceived by the students. Thus, the first purpose of this paper is to discuss how students…

This research aims to determine the factors affecting the job satisfaction levels of teachers. A binary logistic regression analysis was used for this purpose. The research sample consists of 322 teachers working in primary schools in Siirt city centre in the 2021-2022 academic year, selected using a simple random sampling method. According to the…

Early adolescence is a critical time for promoting emerging adolescents' positive social skill development and mental well-being. This investigation addresses unique characteristics of these relations by holistically examining how school-based social cohesion and school stress combine to impact peer aggression and prosocial behavior. Using a…

The purpose of this quantitative correlational-associative study was to measure if or to what extent there was a relationship between factors of school culture and teacher work engagement for elementary school teachers in public school districts in Arizona. The overarching research question was, if and to what extent does a relationship exist…

As critical educational policy scholarship continues to move toward transformational knowledge production, critical and contextualized quantitative methods are central to justice and equity. In this study, the authors used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), guided by quantitative critical race methodology, to examine teachers' beliefs about their…

The purpose of this action research study was to explore and develop collective teacher efficacy (CTE) for the faculty and staff at a preschool through Grade 2 elementary school. During Cycle 1 data collection, 10 teachers were interviewed using a semistructured interview protocol. Action steps for Cycle 2 were designed based on the Cycle 1…

We explored the potential of using a peer relations approach for researching children's citizenship in elementary classrooms. Children express or enact citizenship through their behavior toward classmates and the relationships they engage in (i.e., lived citizenship). These behaviors and relationships can be more or less in line with goals for…

Attitudes and behaviors towards work enable teachers to perform organizational roles willingly in the educational process. Teachers who do their jobs with great enthusiasm, passion, and commitment are influential in increasing student success. For this reason, there is a need to investigate the individual and organizational factors that play a…

Historically marginalized students, especially urban students attending under-resourced schools, experience lower levels of belongingness than their white peers in suburban, well-resourced schools. Much research highlights that student belongingness increases student outcomes such as on-time graduation, standardized test achievement, and lifetime…

This research aims to reveal the metaphors used by 6th grade secondary school students regarding the concept of culture in social studies. In this qualitative research study, the researchers interviewed 80 students -- 40 girls and 40 boys -- regarding their metaphors concerning the concept of culture. We conducted content analysis to analyze the…

The purpose of this study is to determine Turkish and refugee middle school students' views on their national belonging. The study employed the qualitative research approach aligned with the purpose; semi-structured interviews were conducted with Turkish and refugee students. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Results showed…

Studies on Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) have been widespread globally for three decades. However, it has not been discussed in the context of Nepali schools' education. A positive sense of belongingness to schools among the students is essential to foster their good academic achievement as well as their mental health.…

Decades of research demonstrate that young children make meaning about race and racism. Yet there remains a dearth of scholarship about whether and how African American children are thinking across racial and ethnic difference to make sense of systemic inequities. Moreover, there are but a handful of scholars who have documented the ways that…

School sense of belonging is critical for students' academic achievement and emotional well-being. The development of a sense of school belonging is influenced by direct and indirect factors within the school environment. Categorization into low and high achievement groups based on academics is a process largely outside the direct control of a…

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a psychometrically-sound instrument to assess students' perceptions about class cohesion. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, four steps were established: (1) development of the Class Cohesion Questionnaire (CCQ); (2) item selection; (3) item compression; and (4) exploration of psychometric…