Report of study of how social distance between Whites and Blacks is affected by degree of identification with one's own group and perceived external threat from other group. The results place in question the idea that ingroup integration necessarily leads to outgroup differentiation. However, it was found that the degree of perceived external…

Discusses the development of Black nationalism with reference to the influences of Marcus Garvey and his followers such as Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., Elijah Muhammad, and Malcolm X. (JLF)

The Black Power ideology draws from the pluralistic foundation of group politics in American society and encompasses the main ideas relevant to the Black struggle against racism. In the 1970s, the ideology is almost synonymous with economic and political power, though the concepts of violence and separatism remain viable options. (Author/GC)

Explains the foundation of the discipline of Black studies. Suggests that a common African sensibility and identity form the organizing principle for the interdisciplinary pedagogy of Black studies. (GC)

Analyzes the biculturality of Black Americans, who have both Afrocentric and Eurocentric elements in their culture. Discusses factors of biculturality (education, punishment/reward, the institutionalization of white culture, religion, white power, and whites' numerical superiority). Evaluates qualitative differences between black and white…

Discusses the lack of reliable instruments for studying African American behavior and psychological functioning as a technical and philosophical flaw in Western psychology. Surveys the development of Africentric theory-based assessment instruments and presents the African Self-Consciousness Scale, a 42-item personalilty questionnaire designed to…

Argues that the Black community should be viewed as a complex of family and kin networks that support the survival and function of the Black family in a racially discriminatory society. Discusses the roles of male and female networks and the Black church. (FMW)

To determine whether African Americans' public opinion is heterogeneous because of the role of factors (such as education) in the opinion formation process, data from the National Opinion Research Center's 1982 General Social Survey were examined. Significant differences exist along educational lines, and African Americans are not politically…

Argues that black culture, the racial unity on which it rests, and the idea of Blackness or Africanity itself are under attack. The author places the assault of Africanity in historic and hemispheric contexts and examines the reasons it is being launched at this time. (GR)

Presents a theory of the origins of a lack of cohesiveness in African-American culture based on a lack of a "social" reference resulting from the historical division of house slaves from field slaves and other efforts to keep those who shared language and culture from having contact. (JB)