Personal interviews with teachers, administrators, and counselors in grades 1-6 at two elementary schools in the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) examined their attitudes toward two sets of DCPS guidelines governing student promotion and retention. One set of guidelines was in use before 1976, the other afterwards. Questionnaires…

This manual is designed to supply the information needed to enable schools, school districts, county offices of education, trainers of educators, and others to offer the independent study instructional strategy to students at all grade levels through high school. It contains the California state guidelines and legal requirements for independent…