This research investigates how a mobile-based archive application and digital literacy impact pre-service administrators' understanding of the smart village concept in rural governance. It uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire given to 100 pre-service administrators to evaluate their attitudes towards these factors. Validity and…

Integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in teacher education is a means to support the teaching and learning process. Good teaching by utilizing technology certainly requires changes, especially in the realm of pedagogy, but teachers apparently do not have enough ability to optimize ICT in the learning process. In fact, ICT…

This study aimed to develop an Android-based learning media to improve shopping skills in retarded students. The research method was the design validation stage which is part of the research development. The instruments used in this study were: (1) the practicality of the research product questionnaire; and (2) the validation sheet to measure the…