Recent studies indicate children who are deaf and hard of hearing who use cochlear implants or hearing aids know fewer spoken words than their peers with typical hearing, and often those vocabularies differ in composition. To date, however, the interaction of a child's auditory profile with the lexical characteristics of words he or she knows has…

Purpose: Vocabulary skills in children are typically measured with norm-referenced assessments of receptive and expressive vocabulary. Language sample analysis is an alternative method of examining vocabulary actually produced in communicative events and may be better suited to exposing subtle vocabulary weaknesses. Here, we examine the…