The model describes the clients' impression-formation process, describes changes in client impressions as therapy progresses, and suggests the relevance of client impressions for therapy outcome. An attempt at empirical validation by using a clinical population lent some support to certain aspects of the proposed model. (Author)

Recent research suggests that audio and, in particular, video recording has an inhibitory effect on clients and counselors. The nature of these effects on clients has been found to depend on several client characteristics. Implications of recent research for counselors and counselor educators are examined. (Author)

Results revealed that empathic understanding and respect are significantly related to two similar personality variables: tolerance of ambiguity and need for order. Ratings from Carkhuff's Index of Communication were significantly related to empathic understanding. Suggestions are made for further research and the improvement of existing selection…

Examines the factor structure of ratings made with Carkhuff's revised scales of facilitative conditions. The general assumption has been that these counselor characteristics were discrete counselor variables; however, this study suggests that at least two of the variables are closely related aspects of the same underlying quality. (Author/PC)

Describes the Segmented Counseling Interview (SCI), in which counseling is interrupted at intervals to allow counselor and client, each out of hearing range of the other, to communicate to observers their reactions to the preceding counseling interval and their anticipation of the ensuing interval. (Author)

This article explains the rationale, development, and use of a simulation approach to training counselors in which videotaped vignettes of critical incidents that occur in the course of establishing and maintaining a helping relationship are presented to trainees as stimuli. (Author)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if levels of accurate empathy, nonpossessive warmth and genuineness provided by counselors in the initial counseling interview had continuing or termininating effects for normal persons, compared to the effects found with severe chronic schizophrenics. (Author)

The author maintains that the counseling profession needs to reexamine its present approach to training counselors. Current training programs are not preparing counselors to work effectively with clients from all sectors of the population. (Author/HMV)

There was a statistically significant difference in measured behavioral changes of a group of helpees aided by counselors who scored high or low on Carkhuff measures. There seemed to be a direct correlation between desirable counseling processes and later positive outcomes, according to ratings on a behavioral scale. (Author)

This article reviews some of the bases of client reluctance, certain motivational principles appropriate to counselor practice, myths associated with counselor preparation, and some suggestions of existing techniques that may be helpful with reluctant clients. (Author)

This study evaluates the effects of the first stage (Prepracticum) of a three-stage counselor training practicum designed to merge cognitive and experiential learning in a systematic manner using professional trainers. (Author)

Briefly examines existential counseling, behavioral counseling, reality therapy, Gestalt therapy, psychoanalytic therapy, and rational-emotive therapy. (CJ)

Examines the effect of different amounts of client-therapist interaction data on empathy ratings. Audiotaped therapist-client interactions including client statement, therapist response, and subsequent client response were rated for therapist empathy by high-functioning, experienced raters. Raters made different judgments about levels of therapist…

Client-reluctance was: (1) negatively correlated with client-perceived satisfaction and improvement; (2) negatively related to degree of congruence between perceived problem and perceived emphasis of the agency and; (3) positively correlated with premature termination in counseling. (Author)

Three counselors identified as functioning at a low level on basic facilitative skills were paired with both a high- and a low-level functioning client for three sessions. Results indicate negative change in interpersonal functioning levels for high-level clients and no significant change for low-level clients. (Author)