Is self-assessment enough to keep physicians' cognitive skills--such as diagnosis, treatment, basic biological knowledge, and communicative skills--current? We review the cognitive strengths and weaknesses of self-assessment in the context of maintaining medical expertise. Cognitive science supports the importance of accurately self-assessing…

Despite representations' central role in conveying chemical phenomena, mastering them is not trivial, given the wide variety of different conventions to interpret and use them. Furthermore, instructional approaches and materials may overlook explicit discussion on how students should reason with representations. To gather evidence that could guide…

Students and teachers alike face a dilemma: Why think deeply when we can just take a shortcut by googling something? Why read an article when we can learn from a social media headline? If, as educators, we want to encourage our students to value thoughtfulness and to embrace the effort it takes to reach deep understandings, we must model that…

This study focuses on computer-based formative assessment for supporting problem solving and reasoning in mathematics. To be able to assist students who find themselves in difficulties, the software suggested descriptions - diagnoses - of the encountered difficulty the students could choose from. Thereafter, the software provided metacognitive and…

This study is intended to provide an example of computational modeling (CM) experiment using machine learning algorithms. Specific outcomes modeled in this study are the predicted influences associated with the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) and associated with the completion of question items for the Cornell Critical Thinking Test. The Student…

Background: Research on causal reasoning often uses group-level data analyses that downplay individual differences and simple reasoning problems that are unrepresentative of everyday reasoning. In three empirical studies, we used an individual differences approach to investigate the cognitive processes people used in fault diagnosis, which is a…

Cognitive biases restrict and even prevent the acceptance of new information, but the introduction of critical thinking may help control bias. The subject is a case study of how educators with adult students use critical thinking to control cognitive bias. The topic of cognitive bias is well researched, with over 150 different types of bias…

Higher education institutes, including research universities and universities of applied sciences, face the challenge of developing effective internationalisation practices to prepare students for the demands of a globalising world. Researchers reporting on studies that are focused on universities' internationalisation practices show that few…

Designers of critical mathematics instruction have documented difficulties in simultaneously fostering the development of critical consciousness while supporting students in developing understandings of new mathematics. However, confining justice-oriented tasks to applications of previously learned mathematics limits the degree to which these…

It is widely recognised among educational theorists, educators and policy makers alike, that critical thinking should claim a superordinate place in our system of educational objectives. In the philosophical literature on this topic, critical thinking is often conceptualised as the educational cognate of rationality, which in turn is analysed as…

The article is devoted to the development of intellectual skills of future primary school teachers in Kazakhstan. The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of special education on the intellectual level of students, including creative, reproductive and critical thinking skills. Students of the Department of pedagogy attended the…

In this study, I sought to understand the disciplinary nature of an expert third-grade teacher's practice as she apprenticed students into ways of reading, analyzing, and employing historical evidence. Using a case study methodology, I draw on classroom observation data, teacher interviews, and classroom artifacts to identify instances where the…

In this article I explore an often overlooked feature of everyday life that can serve as a powerful heuristic for students to engage history and geography critically: everyday place-names. Drawing on scholarship in critical toponymy, I explore how the city-text--the past as it is overlaid on top of the geography of the community through…

Although research from a range of fields indicates the importance of innovation for progress in those fields, there is not yet a set of best practices for promoting insights that lead to scientific innovation. This article proposes and tests the hypothesis that function-construction maps based on prototype and heuristic theory lead to increased…

In a design-research project on problem-solving, theory-based and practice-oriented materials were developed with the goal of fostering systematical development of students' problem-solving competence in a targeted manner by learning heuristics. Special attention was given to working backward strategy, which has been shown difficult for students…