We present an empirical study on the use of keystroke analytics to capture and understand how writers manage their time and make inferences on how they allocate their cognitive resources during essay writing. The results suggest three distinct longitudinal patterns of writing process that describe how writers approach an essay task in a writing…

Nearly all incarcerated adults will eventually be released to reenter communities and rebuild their lives. The literature indicates half of re-entering adults return to prison within five years and recidivism is higher for adults with low education attainment. The aim of this paper is to add to existing knowledge on incarcerated adult…

Over the past 50 years, an increasing proportion of student graduating high school attend college, but literacy levels in the United States have remained largely unchanged. We present preliminary results that suggest the literacy levels of assessed first year college freshmen are above 5th grade but below 12th grade, that only 32% of these…

Adult learners globally face a multitude of challenges in learning and obtaining educational degrees. This can be due to a variety of reasons including academic stress, as well as additional responsibilities with managing families, childcare, household duties, careers, and jobs. Different cultures may face unique barriers in education; however,…

This paper, which highlights the importance culturally relevant caring (CRC) in ensuring equitable educational opportunities for Black male students in alternative schools, contributes to literature on the Black male "overage, under-credited" and GED student populations. Our analysis provides insight into the following research question:…

This study examines the demographic, academic, social, and behavioral differences between GED (General Educational Development) candidates who were and were not retained in grade. Differences between candidates who were and were not retained in grade are examined with regard to factors such as demographics, delinquent behaviors, reasons for…

The American Council on Education (ACE) Commission on Educational Credit and Credentials adopted a plan for a 5-year review of the General Educational Development (GED) program. This review process was intended to ensure that the GED program, which operates in Canada and other countries, as well as in the United States, will address and measure…

The General Equivalency Diploma (GED) program is designed to help high school dropouts earn an equivalent credential. However, by helping teenage dropouts, the GED program may encourage enrolled youth to leave high school. This paper examines the issue using data on GED policies from the GED testing service and data on high school continuation…

To serve adults with disabilities without a high school diploma, the federal government and states have funded adult education and literacy programs that provide services to accommodate the needs of those adults. In addition, the Tests of General Educational Development (GED Tests) provide adults with disabilities with testing accommodations to…

A female inmate profile was compiled as the first phase of a three-part model for developing an educational and vocational program for female prison inmates. A 67-item questionnaire addressed demographics, education, educational programs, employment, behavior and attitude, and personal relationships; it was administered to the female population at…

Three judges rated General Educational Development (GED) student essays that had been written by nine incarcerated youths. If judge's ratings were not consistent, students would receive a biased average rating. Traditional classical measurement theory computes an intraclass reliability coefficient to determine if judges' ratings are reliable. In…

Problems connected with school dropouts and illiteracy are discussed. The need for decreasing recidivism and prison populations through educational programs is presented, with data on the costs of not doing so. The use of television as a teaching resource is proposed as a possible solution. A field test was conducted to determine the effects of a…

This document, prepared as a conference handout, consists of a description of the revised General Educational Development (GED) Tests scheduled for introduction in 1988 and a series of recommendations concerning the content of future GED tests, which were formulated by a committee appointed by the Commission on Educational Credit and Credentials…

A series of case studies observed a literacy program for adolescents and adults which can be administered to 16 students at a time, includes training in touch typing and word processing, treats phonics on an adult level, and uses the kind of technology (such as interactive computer programs) that in itself defines "literacy" for our age.…

The majority of candidates who take the Tests of General Educational Development (GED) take those tests within 2 years of leaving school, but this study highlights the demographic profile and performance of candidates who, for a variety of reasons, waited anywhere from 24 to 54 years to attempt to obtain the GED high school equivalency credential.…