Examined effects of maternal employment on use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and other drugs by ninth graders (n=48). Comparison of maternal employment patterns (full-time versus part-time versus not employed outside the home) indicated no significant differences in substance use behavior among adolescents. Findings support literature on…

Interviewed eight female and eight male high school freshmen and seniors concerning their views and feelings of control and responsibility. Results revealed that feelings of responsibility and control were highly correlated, as were feelings on control and life satisfaction. Relationship between responsibility and life satisfaction was significant…

Explored effects of psychoeducational intervention on adolescents' involvement in extracurricular activities, self-esteem, and locus of control. Randomly assigned 52 ninth graders to either empowerment or control group. Students in empowerment program maintained their level of involvement during transition to high school, time when participation…

Investigated the effects of assertive training on measures of assertiveness, state anxiety, and mathematics performance in highly anxious ninth graders (N=96). Found that assertive training resulted in increased assertiveness and decreased state anxiety, with no significant effect on mathematics performance, and no significant effect due to sex.…

Attempted to determine type of school organization that most benefited ninth-grade students. Results from ninth graders in junior high schools (n=771) and in high schools (n=825) indicated that ninth graders in the junior high school setting participated significantly more in extracurricular activities and achieved significantly higher…

Examines cognitive-affective sources of sport enjoyment among male high school freshmen (n=231), all of whom had participated in organized youth sport. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that significant sources of sport enjoyment included task orientation, perceived competence, learned helpless affect, and years of participation in…

Assesses differences between the self-perceptions of gifted high school freshmen (n=62) and nongifted peers (n=162) regarding intimacy with family and peers, social support, family responsibilities, self-esteem, depression, and risk-taking behavior. Results show that gifted students may be socially precocious when compared with their nongifted…

Examined predictors of cigarette smoking and alcohol use in nationwide sample of 1,200 Icelandic adolescents. Found that use of tobacco and alcohol was related to sex, residence, hours of paid work, physical activities, social network, educational performance and beliefs, and psychological distress. Concludes that existing theoretical perspectives…