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Formal Operational Reasoning Modes: Predictors of Critical Thinking Abilities and Grades Assigned by Teachers in Science and Mathematics for Students in Grades Nine through Twelve.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Bitner, Betty L. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1991
The five formal operational reasoning modes in the Group Assessment of Logical Thinking were found to be statistically significant predictors of critical thinking abilities as measured by the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and were significant predictors of science and mathematics grades. (PR)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Critical Thinking, Educational Research, Formal Operations
Accelerating the Development of Formal Thinking in Middle and High School Students IV: Three Years after a Two-Year Intervention.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Shayer, Michael; Adey, Philip S. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1993
Three years after end of 2-year intervention program intended to promote formal operational thinking, achievement of students initially age 11 was tested by their results on British National examinations, taken at age 16 (experimental group n=88, control group n=103). In comparison with control classes, the effect size for science was 0.67,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Developmental Stages, Educational Research, Effect Size