It is imperative that counselors understand the difference in their personal perspective of what constitutes a family and the perspective of others, as well as the difference in personal perspective and "scientific knowledge". Beginning to acknowledge these differences is the first step in integrating diversity into counseling skills.…

It is suggested that a reader's idea structure will affect processing of incoming information. Two aspects of the idea structure are further developed--the truth value aspect and the analytic level aspect. The idea structure can be characterized by ideas consisting of propositions which are considered to be more or less true or false (beliefs), or…