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Whitely, Susan E. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979
A model which gives maximum likelihood estimates of measurement error within the context of a simplex model for practice effects is presented. The appropriateness of the model is tested for five traits, and error estimates are compared to the classical formula estimates. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Error Patterns, Higher Education, Mathematical Models

Kleinke, David J. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979
Lord's, Millman's and Saupe's methods of approximating the standard error of measurement are reviewed. Through an empirical demonstration involving 200 university classroom tests, all three approximations are shown to be biased. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Error Patterns, Higher Education, Mathematical Formulas

Hoogstraten, Joh. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1979
The biasing effects of a pretest on subsequent post-test results were investigated in two experimental studies. In general, the results argue for using designs without pretests. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Control Groups, Error Patterns, Evaluation Methods, Higher Education