Uses 227 elementary education majors to investigate the effect of past musical training on students' present ability to perform on music achievement test items. Investigates if a difference existed between students with training and those without training, and if a difference existed in the type of training. (Author/AH)

Students enrolled in an introductory biology course were tested to measure prior knowledge and locus of control; data were used to examine trends in achievement. Findings suggest relative importance of prior knowledge and relative insignificance of locus of control in learning biology concepts at the college level. (DS)