The study of student development has long been considered a cornerstone of the higher education and student affairs (HESA) profession. However, perspectives on what constitutes student development have evolved as scholars continuously embrace more critical frameworks to implicate systems of power and oppression--what scholars have termed the third…

Controlling for precollege learning orientations and other influences, male athletes competing in nonrevenue sports at 18 four-year institutions tended to have lower levels of Openness to Diversity and Challenge and Learning for Self-Understanding that male nonathletes. Male football and basketball players did not differ from their nonathlete…

In a study of 151 college freshmen of both sexes, cognitive complexity and learning orientation revealed gender-related qualitative differences within parallel cognitive structures. Different cognitive structures were accompanied by different learning orientations. (Author/TE)