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Greenberg, Seth N.; Roscoe, Suzanne – Language Learning, 1988
Study of echoic memory interference among students in college introductory Spanish and German courses revealed that students with weaker listening comprehension skills depended more upon vulnerable sensory codes in echoic memory, while students with stronger comprehension relied on stable higher-order codes. (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Higher Education, Introductory Courses, Language Processing, Listening Comprehension

Muchisky, Dennis M. – Language Learning, 1983
A study of foreign students' English acquisition used short-term memory tasks to determine if phonological encoding of visually presented verbal material occurred during reading. Students not using oral repetition in English showed greater phonological interference and longer reaction times. Correlation with reading proficiency was small.…
Descriptors: Code Switching (Language), College Students, English (Second Language), Foreign Students