Integration of knowledge is as critical to understanding as is new knowledge. Specialization requires new forms of integration. Graduate programs should teach future faculty to synthesize, seek new relationships between parts and whole, relate past to future and present, and find patterns of meaning not seen through traditional disciplinary…

A broader conception of scholarship would include four types of scholarship: discovery, integration, application, and teaching. If this broader conception can be incorporated into graduate education and if colleges and universities will hire and reward the graduates of those programs, new faculty will be better prepared. (Author/MSE)