This study investigated the effectiveness of incidental focus on form in promoting second language development in text-based live chats. Sixteen college-level Taiwanese English language learners were partnered with American college students to complete two communicative tasks via synchronous chats on Instant Messenger. Language-related episodes…

Considerable research has been conducted examining the use of laptops in higher education, however, a reliable and valid scale to assess in-class use of laptops has yet to be developed. The purpose of the following study was to develop and evaluate the "Laptop Effectiveness Scale" (LES). The scale consisted of four constructs: academic…

Collects survey data from undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory communication class to develop an operational measure of Internet self-efficacy. Finds the scale to be reliable and internally consistent. Concludes prior Internet experience, outcome expectancies and Internet use were significantly and positively correlated to Internet…