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Pellas, Nikolaos – International Journal of Learning and Change, 2014
Nowadays, the dissemination and exploitation of three-dimensional (3D) multi-user virtual worlds in higher education have been disclosed from their widespread acceptance as candidate learning platforms. However, it is still lacking a theoretical cybernetic macro-script to elaborate the coordination of multiple complex interactions among…
Descriptors: Cybernetics, Organizational Development, Scripts, Computer Assisted Instruction
Hamalainen, Raija – Teaching in Higher Education, 2012
Learning involves more than just a small group of participants, which makes designing and managing collaborative learning processes in higher education a challenging task. As a result, emerging concerns in current research have pointed increasingly to teacher orchestrated learning processes in naturalistic learning settings. In line with this…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Learning Processes, Cooperative Learning, Qualitative Research
Ertl, Bernhard; Kopp, Birgitta; Mandl, Heinz – Computers & Education, 2008
External representations can be powerful for supporting learners in both individual and collaborative learning scenarios. They encourage learners to focus on important instructional elements. In this study, we investigate two different forms of external representations: textually represented collaboration scripts and graphically represented…
Descriptors: Scripts, Cooperative Learning, College Students, Outcomes of Education

Sudzina, Mary R. – Teacher Education and Practice, 1993
Investigated whether audiotape construction would affect preservice teachers' mastery and retention of important terms and socialization to technology. Experimental students collectively created audiotape scripts for learning terms. Control students received lectures and text. Experimental students expressed confidence and competence in using…
Descriptors: Audiotape Recordings, Cooperative Learning, Education Courses, Educational Technology