The purpose of this article is to help instructors or other types of faculty to develop their own ST activity cues by working with individual students, or with the entire class in order to increase the students' role in affecting the learning process.

This study aims to explore an educational learning environment that supports students to learn conceptual modelling with the unified modelling language (UML). In this study, we call the describing models "UML programming." In this paper, we show an educational UML programming environment for science, technology, engineering, art, and…

This study examined the utility of intact and embedded headings as processing aids with nonnarrative text. College students provided with text containing intact and embedded headings outperformed students whose text did not contain these processing aids, especially at delayed testing. Implications of these results and future research issues are…

The effect of general and specific cues on learning information from graphs is analyzed. The study shows that the use of cues influenced the amount of information learned, with variations according to type and placement of cues. (JMF)

Four experiments are described that demonstrate that under certain conditions, encoding constancy results in better recall performance than encoding variability. The experiments used mnemonic devices, and various numbers of semantic contexts and orienting tasks. Encoding variability resulted in optimal recall performance when only one code for an…

The effects of number signals on text recall were investigated using college-age subjects who read and recalled two texts containing 10 target sentences each. Results demonstrated that number signals directed attention to the sentences they marked, led to better encoding of target information, and influenced the process recall. (Author/LMO)

Examines metamemory for categorized lists of items among college students. Judgments of learning (JOLs) were obtained either immediately after study or following a brief delay. Results indicate that delayed JOLs were more accurate than immediate JOLs only when knowledge based cues were used. Indicates that the phrasing of metamemory cues can have…

Although taking notes during a lecture can interfere with absorption of information, review of notes before a test neutralized the interfering effect. (Editor)

This study investigated the research construct of encoding specificity using an applied research orientation. Encoding specificity considers the effects on memory of the interactive relationship among encoding, the stored memory trace, and external retrieval cues. Subjects were 273 undergraduate students enrolled in the College of Engineering at…

Four different methods for attending to a lecture were studied: listening, listening with an outline, note-taking, and note-taking with an outline. Each method was designed to influence the learner's level of processing and, therefore, to effect the encoding and retrieval of information from a lecture. In addition, the effects of no review or…

Undergraduates of different levels of ability (IQ) profited differentially from color cueing of instructional materials pertaining to the human heart. Visualization was not equally effective in achievement of different educational objectives (drawing, identification, terminology, and comprehension tests). Delayed retention of material was not…

Learning-disabled (LD) students showed significantly less argument on the importance ratings of story idea units than did normal students. Cue selection before recall depressed performance of the LD subjects relative to that of normal college students. (Author/PN)

College students studied text about an imaginary solar system. Two cuing systems were manipulated to induce a single or double set of cues consistent with one or two sets of text propositions, or no target propositions were specified. Cuing systems guided construction and implementation of prose-processing decision criteria. (Author/RD)

Sixty-one undergraduate students used a taxonomic instructional aid, a mnemonic aid, or their own methods to master the content of a passage describing a plant classification system and the distinguishing characteristics of the plant groups within that system. The demonstrated advantages of mnemonic strategies are discussed. (SLD)

Experiments were performed to determine the contribution of imagery and semantic factors to the hypermnesia effect (increases in retention over successive recall attempts). Results showed that hypermnesia accompanies meaningful processing regardless of whether verbal or imagery encoding is emphasized. Semantic elaboration increases reminiscence…