The flow of developing country students to developed countries is examined from the perspective of the sending authorities in developing countries and the loss of foreign exchange to developing nations. The implications for expansion of higher education in developing nations are discussed. (MSE)

Patterns and reasons for migration of highly educated manpower, primarily from developing to developed nations, are examined; and efforts to encourage return to home countries are discussed. (MSE)

Discusses the effects of the movement of Asians trained in technical fields in light of the global articulation of higher education, the link to unequal development on a global scale, and the contribution of economic development of the reverse flow to less developed countries. (JB)