Driven by technological innovations, continuous digital expansion has transformed fundamentally the landscape of modern higher education, leading to discussions about evaluation techniques. The emergence of generative artificial intelligence raises questions about reliability and academic honesty regarding multiple-choice assessments in online…

Academic misconduct is a threat to the validity and reliability of online examinations, and media reports suggest that misconduct spiked dramatically in higher education during the emergency shift to online exams caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reviewed survey research to determine how common it is for university students to admit…

The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the first half of 2020 disrupted and changed higher education across the world, and into the future. Campuses were shut down, almost overnight. International and State borders were closed and business models that relied heavily on high-paying international students collapsed. University leaders and…

This study investigated the impact of computer-aided assessment on the enhancement of critical thinking skills in non-routine problem-solving across three distinct learning delivery modalities: fully online, balanced blended, and predominantly face-to-face (F2F) blended. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-aided assessment in…

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on education, forcing many teachers and students who were not used to online education to adapt to an unanticipated reality by improvising new teaching and learning methods. Within the realm of virtual education, the evaluation methods underwent a transformation, with some assessments shifting towards…

Assessment is critical in postsecondary education, as it is at all levels. Assessments are classified into four types: diagnostic, summative, evaluative, and formative. Recent trends in assessment have migrated away from summative to formative evaluations. Formative evaluations help students develop expertise and concentrate their schedules, ease…

Higher education is examining artificial intelligence (AI) as a key to increasing productivity and efficiency as colleges race to remain relevant and competitive in a rapidly evolving industry. With the increase of students taking online classes, professors are looking for solutions to help maintain integrity with their testing remotely. AI has…

This paper reports on a participatory case study investigating the total shift to an electronic assessment and electronic proctoring modality in a traditional higher education academic institution in Lebanon due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the novel real-time electronic assessment and proctoring system developed by the University of…

The COVID-19 pandemic created the need for a global change in tertiary education. Universities that traditionally relied on contact with students in physical classrooms were forced to consider modes of remote teaching to mitigate the risks of infection due to physical proximity. This study evaluates the emergency remote teaching implemented within…

This research study focuses on the growing concern of academic misconduct in distance education courses. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to measure the impact of introducing webcam recording software as an online supervision tool for high-stakes exams in two separate online courses (Management and Accounting). Results revealed that…

Teaching skills are fundamental for academic positions, which combine research and teaching activities. Thus, universities should look for candidates with excellent research records and teaching experience or skills; another strategy is the training of teaching staff. On the other hand, when dealing with already in-service teachers, the challenges…

This paper explores and reports on teacher attitudes toward online assessment in foreign language teaching and learning in Spain and Finland. During the pandemic, teachers have had to face serious challenges, such as the method to be adopted, task design or handling student feedback, in order to ensure effective student assessment. They have had…

The spread of COVID-19 forced many higher education institutions to switch to e-learning using a diverse range of educational platforms. The purpose of this qualitative research is to explore the challenges encountered by Maldivian higher education institutions conducting online assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic, from both lecturer and…

Online proctoring generally refers to the practice of proctors monitoring an exam over the internet, usually through a webcam. This technology has gained relevance during the current COVID-19 pandemic, given that the social distance owing to health reasons has consequently led to the switching of all learning and assessment activities to online…

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic largely disrupted the continuity of educational delivery. Online learning was the prompt response by educators. However, this comes with a big question on the conduct of assessment. Running examinations traditionally is vulnerable to high security risks and administration costs. A precise mechanism to…