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Cognitive Correlates of Explanatory Writing Skill: An Analysis of Individual Differences.
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Rowan, Katherine E. – Written Communication, 1990
Identifies a particular class of explanatory discourse, and proposes hypotheses about the types of knowledge likely to be associated with skill in this genre. Finds that variations in accuracy and adaptiveness of students' explanations were partially accounted for by measures of topic knowledge, social cognition, and discourse knowledge. (MG)
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Cognitive Style, Expository Writing, Higher Education
Specifying the Nature of Reading Ability Differences and Advance Organizer Effects.
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Tyler, Sherman W.; And Others – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1983
Individual differences and the role of advance organizers in reading comprehension were examined. Subjects read short passages sometimes preceded by a given type of advance organizer. Good readers showed greater recall of detail given either type of advance organizer; poor readers displayed enhanced recall of detail only for a particular type of…
Descriptors: Advance Organizers, Classification, Cognitive Structures, Higher Education
Every Student Can Learn--If...
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Chickering, Arthur W. – About Campus, 2006
After forty-nine years of watching and working in higher education, Arthur Chickering has determined that three R's truly are fundamental to helping students learn. In stark contrast to the traditional set, Chickering's three R's challenge educators to recognize, respect, and respond to wide-ranging individual differences among diverse learners.…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Student Diversity, Cognitive Structures, Prior Learning
Effects of Restructuring Training and Cognitive Style.
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Rush, G. Michael; Moore, David M. – Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 1991
Presents study results suggesting some malleability in learning strategies that flow from cognitive style. Examines the effects and practicability of restructuring training as a means of addressing individual learner differences. Reports that training enhanced performance on two dependent measures tasks. Concludes that field-dependent learners…
Descriptors: Cognitive Restructuring, Cognitive Structures, Cognitive Style, Educational Research
The Relationship between Perceptual Structure and Individual Differences in Performance on an Inductive Reasoning Task.
Andrist, Charlotte Giovanetti – 1991
The relationship between perceptual structure and individual differences in cognitive ability was studied through a computerized inductive reasoning task performed by 100 college undergraduates at Cleveland State University (Ohio). Measures included two psychometric tests and a set of four computerized cognitive tasks. Two components of perceptual…
Descriptors: Cognitive Structures, Cognitive Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, Higher Education
Differences in Knowledge Application by Students and Medical Experts in Clinical Reasoning.
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van de Wiel, Margaretha W. J.; And Others – 1994
In this study Dutch subjects with four different levels of expertise (24 second-year, 24 fourth-year, 24 sixth-year medical students, and 24 internists with at least 4 years of experience) studied, diagnosed, and explained four clinical cases. Diagnostic accuracy increased with the increasing level of expertise. The number of concepts used and the…
Descriptors: Clinical Diagnosis, Clinical Experience, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Structures