In this essay, Cathy Sandeen states that the new postsecondary landscape requires looking at higher education as a system that provides multiple pathways in and through the various parts of the system, all with the goal of helping students complete a postsecondary degree, credential, or certificate. Sandeen observes two strengths in professional…

In this paper some of the literature on problems in education is reviewed and several of these problems are discussed. These are: (1) educational inequality; (2) coping with the knowledge explosion; (3) dealing with masses of students in the nation's large institutions of higher education; (4) youth dissatisfaction; and (5) the attempt to…

The Educational Research and Development Unit (ERDU) of the Graduate School of Industrial Administration at Carnegie-Mellon University was formally established in January 1970 by a 5-year grant from the Ford Foundation. This report describes the research and development activities in which ERDU was engaged from January to December 1972 for the…

Five randomly selected experimental groups of twenty-four general college chemistry students participated in this study. Four of the five groups received a version of the systems approach treatment, which consisted of group orientation, individualized learning, small group seminars and unit tests. The fifth group was administered the traditional…

With this volume, the American Society for Engineering Education begins a series of monographs for advancing education. Although the work deals particularly with engineering education, it is intended that techniques and innovations mentioned will be applicable to all fields of education. In this volume, components of an individualized instruction…

Discusses individualization of pacing, instructional goals, mode of learning, and learner's expectations. The article then examines Banathy's seven strategies for developing a systems approach to the classroom in terms of the way they affect the implementation and regulation of an individualized foreign language program. (KM)

An interactive model for the design of individualized instruction was developed and implemented, with activities explicitly prescribed for the instructor and the educational technologist. Using this model--PIERIM (Production, Implementation Evaluation and Revision of Instructional Modules)--a traditional elementary education course was converted…

This booklet is the first of four sequels to the guide "Educational Objectives" that discuss the selection and use of instructional methods. Following a brief introduction, the systems approach to course or curriculum design is reviewed, and the selection of appropriate instructional methods is described as the second key step in the course or…

This paper discusses applications of the systems approach and of resource-based learning in Technical and Further Education; examines existing educational delivery systems and the potential impact of new technological developments on those systems; and considers a number of initiatives which could be taken to use technology to improve the…

Full texts are provided of the individual papers presented at a symposium held to investigate technology-based systems for improving productivity in higher education. These systems, which marry an engineering systems approach with behavioral objectivism, are studied in the context of three specific learning environments: 1) grouped and bounded…

Ten articles on continuing professional education are presented. Titles and authors are as follows: "Merging Continuing Education and Inservice Teacher Education: A Concept Worth Exploring" (Alvah M. Kilgore); "Ablative Absolute Continuing Education, Ignorance Flees" (Ben J. Wiens); "Humanize! Individualize! Personalize!…

It is proposed that the only technology that has consistently been effective over traditional education approaches is the personalized system of instruction (PSI). An overview is given of the purpose, origin, development, and use of the system. The five critical components are outlined: use of student assistants, emphasis on the written word in…

The Canadore College Continuing Education Division model for innovative individualized and personalized programs contains several subsystems: analysis of current continuing education, identification of criteria, evaluation of the old model, design of the new model, simulations, evaluation of the new model, and implementation of the new model. The…

The definition of instructional technology used in this bibliography is based on the definition used by the report of the Commission on Instructional Technology, "To Improve Learning." Instructional Technology in this sense is not confined to the use of specific media, but also includes systematic approaches to the use of human and…

This book provides a comprehensive survey of literature regarding the theory and practice of distance education (DE). Among the aspects of DE discussed are the following; overall picture of DE today (concept/evolution, DE and open learning, modes of teaching/learning); background (basic questions concerning education/teaching/learning and impact…