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Sauer, James D.; Brewer, Neil; Weber, Nathan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2008
Eyewitness identification decisions are vulnerable to various influences on witnesses' decision criteria that contribute to false identifications of innocent suspects and failures to choose perpetrators. An alternative procedure using confidence estimates to assess the degree of match between novel and previously viewed faces was investigated.…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Recognition (Psychology), Classification, Memory

Ross, Brian H.; And Others – Cognitive Psychology, 1990
A reminding-based generalization view of category learning was studied in 4 experiments involving a total of 247 college students. Experiments demonstrated that categorization by reminding can affect what is learned about the category and later categorization performance. Implications of the results for category learning are discussed. (SLD)
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Processes, College Students, Generalization

Zinober, Joan Wagner; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1975
The development of the ability to use taxonomic, phonemic and sense impression categories as dimensions of encoding was investigated using third and fifth graders and college students. (ED)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Classification, Cognitive Development, Elementary Education
Munro, Allen; And Others – 1979
Two experiments were conducted to establish the psychological validity of the text type distinction. In the first, 20 college students sorted 12 texts on the basis of their similarities. The resultant sortings were subjected to a clustering analysis. Despite the fact that other bases for grouping texts existed--a number of pairs of semantically…
Descriptors: Classification, Discourse Analysis, Higher Education, Memory

Rabinowitz, Mitchell; And Others – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1992
Two experiments were conducted with 124 undergraduate and graduate students to investigate the interaction between strategy use and accessibility to relevant knowledge. Variations in relevant knowledge accessibility significantly affected strategy use on the first memorization trial, and ease of use on the first trial affected maintenance of the…
Descriptors: Classification, Epistemology, Graduate Students, Higher Education
Herring, Richard D. – 1981
Literature in mathematic problem-solving suggests that learners store information in memory which helps them solve stereotyped algebra word problems. Cluster analysis has been used as an exploratory tool to infer the types of problems which have common representations in memory. This study compares the results of a hierarchical cluster analysis of…
Descriptors: Algebra, Classification, Cluster Analysis, Content Analysis
Strauss, Mark S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1979
The ability of preverbal infants to abstract a prototypical representation of a category, when presented with examples of an artifically constructed category, was investigated. It was determined that infants could process visual information constructively and could take a more active role in category formation than previously believed. (Author/MH)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Adults, Classification, Higher Education
Brown, Alan S.; Cattoi, Robert – 1982
A study examined the effect of variation in category dominance on retrieval latencies (and errors) from semantic memory. Subjects, 66 students enrolled in an introductory psychology course, were required to perform 6 successive retrievals from each of 18 conceptual categories. The six retrievals consisted of two successive blocks of three from…
Descriptors: Association (Psychology), Classification, Cognitive Processes, Higher Education
Hunt, Earl B.; And Others – 1979
In a study of individual differences in long-term memory access, university undergraduates verified (1) whether an item was a member of a category; (2) whether two items belonged in the same category; and (3) whether two words had the same name. Reaction times from these tasks were correlated with verbal ability, as measured by performance on a…
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Processes, Higher Education, Individual Differences
Brewer, William F.; Pani, John R. – 1984
The four sections of this paper provide an analysis of the structure of human memory. The first section, intended to provide a clear example of personal memory, examines a hypothetical episode in the life of an undergraduate student, and shows how one episode can give rise to three different forms of memory: personal, semantic, and rote…
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Structures, Eidetic Imagery

Higgins, E. Tory; Liberman, Akiva – Cognitive Psychology, 1994
Two studies involving 195 undergraduates investigated memory errors occurring when the context standard used in judging target behaviors differs from the category norm standard available when behaviors are recalled. Results support a "natural" tendency to use the current categorical meaning of a judgment to reconstruct the referent of…
Descriptors: Change, Classification, Context Effect, Decision Making

Johnson, Janet W.; Scholnick, Ellin Kofsky – Child Development, 1979
Investigates the influence of logical skills (inclusion and seriation) on the degree and kind of semantic integration performed on remembered material among 47 third- and fourth-grade boys and girls and college students. (JMB)
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Development, College Students, Elementary Education

Huttenlocher, Janellen; And Others – Psychological Review, 1991
A model of category effects found in reports of episodic memory is proposed. The model holds that stimuli are presented at a fine-grain level of detail and a category. Four experiments involving a total of 131 University of Chicago (Illinois) students and faculty are reported in support of the model. (SLD)
Descriptors: Classification, College Faculty, College Students, Equations (Mathematics)

Wong, Jane L.; Gilpin, Andrew R. – Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1993
Investigated a prior classification of Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) subtests into Verbal and Visual categories. Findings from 45 college students found that memory test performance correlated significantly with performance on subtests of Form II of Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery that measures substrates of particular memory…
Descriptors: Classification, Cluster Analysis, College Students, Higher Education
Sprafka, Sarah; Zacks, Rose – 1976
The organizational factors in memory relevant to learning medical diagnosis terms are discussed in this paper. Two hypotheses are tested: that the type of list organization will affect total recall; and that the type of curriculum and year in school will affect the organization of recall. Ninety-six second and third year medical students from two…
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Processes, Higher Education, Learning Processes
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