Research has shown that consistently right-handed individuals have poorer memory than do inconsistently right- or left-handed individuals under baseline conditions but more reliably exhibit enhanced memory retrieval after making a series of saccadic eye movements. From this it could be that consistent versus inconsistent handedness, regardless of…

Explored individual-difference factors that might differentially predict perceived gender discrimination in a sample of 138 female and 157 male undergraduates. Differences in gender patterns in the relationship of self-esteem to perceptions of discrimination suggest that perceptions of discrimination serve different purposes for structurally…

Social calculations involved in assessing one's life chances were examined with 62 undergraduates. Participants showed considerable bias in their estimates, and important individual differences in bias were found. Results are discussed in terms of general adolescent phenomena such as individuation, identity, the personal fable, and cognitive…

A biographical inventory, an ability test, and three reading tests were administered to 699 persons who were hopeful about beginning course work at the University of Calgary. These students were categorized as Mature Non-matriculants because they did not have senior matriculation which is necessary for normal entry to the university. A total of…

Past research indicates poor agreement about strategies people use to assess covariation between events. This research investigates method of assessment as one possible source of this low consensus. A set of problems was developed in such a way that different judgment rules would produce different decisions about the relationships between events.…

The relative contributions of four individual difference variables to ability to solve analogically related problems in four separate problem sequences and for spontaneous and assisted transfer was examined. Subject were 116 university undergraduates enrolled in an introductory psychology course who volunteered to participate for course credit and…

Many adjustment problems may stem from the difference between initial expectations and later, experienced perceptions. To test this theory in relation to the social climate of university living units, and to assess initial perceptions and predictions of the future in relation to level of social exploration as a coping style, 92 entering freshmen…

A descriptive model of how people make judgments under ambiguity is proposed. Two factors are reflected in the model: (1) the amount of ambiguity, which affects the size of the simulation, and (2) one's attitudes toward ambiguity. The model is tested in four experiments using individual and group analyses. (Author/LMO)

This report provides an overview of eight experiments on covariation judgment training. Included are a literature review, rationale, and description of the rule-analytic approach used in all experiments. Experiment 1 identified undergraduates' understandings of rule use, finding self-report a poor method for diagnosing sources of error. Experiment…