These proceedings contain the papers of the 18th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2021), held virtually, due to an exceptional situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 13-15, 2021, and organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society…

"Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators" is the authoritative source for accurate information on the state of education around the world. It provides data on the output of educational institutions; the impact of learning across countries; the financial and human resources invested in education; access, participation and progression in…

Hypothesized that stability of a friendly dyadic interpersonal relationship varies with similarity of perceived views of problems of lasting concern. Students (N=76) at the Indian Institute of Technology completed a three-part questionnaire about friendly relationships, Individual Problem Blank, and Problem Checklist. Results supported the…

Conflict is examined in relation to the situation in which it occurs, by the goals toward which it is directed, by the inherent human costs and benefits of its employment, and in terms of the intentions of the participants in the process. (MLW)

Assigned subjects as groups or individuals to communicator role in Prisoner's Dilemma. Also assigned conciliatory, tough, or individualistic styles to subjects in representing constituents in the interaction. Conciliatory style was successful in all-conciliatory groups. Conciliatory members of mixed groups were unsuccessful in moderating their…

This study investigated subordinates' choice of conflict strategies and communicative adaptability when interacting with their supervisor. In particular, participants were asked to recall their summer work experience while completing the Organizational Communication Conflict Instrument (OCCI) (Putnam & Wilson, 1982) and the Communicative…

Reports on a study of the relationships between assertiveness and cooperativeness dimensions of conflict styles among 202 graduate business students. Finds that preferences for assertiveness are reflected in both strategic and tactical use of behaviors. Also finds cooperativeness is associated with last-choice behaviors. (CFR)

The social interactions that occur during pair problem solving were studied using a computer tool and without using the tool. The computer tool, (the TAPS system) is an instructional system that presents complex word problems and provides a graphics user interface with tools for constructing problem trees (network structures showing…

This report presents results from a discovery study questionnaire, using forced choice and open-ended items, to assess the types of problems resident assistants (RAs) at the rural campus of Auburn University (Alabama) encounter, their level and sources of preparedness to deal with these problems, and the ways in which the residence life staff can…

The purpose of the Commons Game is to teach students how social traps work; that is, that short-term individual gain tends to dominate long-term collective gain. Simulations of Commons Dilemma have grown considerably in the last decade; however, the research has used small face-to-face groups to study behavior in the Commons. To compare the…

To determine communication conflict style differences in black and white subjective cultures, 123 black and 180 white university students were administered the Organizational Communication Conflict Instrument (OCCI), a scale measuring the three conflict management styles: control (confrontation); nonconfrontation; and solution-orientation. Results…

Compares the performance of individual and team negotiators using a sample of 232 graduate business students. Results indicate that the presence of teams increased competitiveness and decreased cooperativeness and trust between negotiating parties. In mixed negotiations, teams outperformed individual opponents and were perceived as having more…

Design is described as a social process and a game. Games provide an experience and environment in which aspects of design skill may be learned. Self-expression (involving no one else) and design (product must satisfy requirements imposed by others) are contrasted. Games described: JOIN, GAMBIT, URBISM, SPIEL, etc. (MLW)

College students face a great deal of pressure which can lead to problems of a non-academic nature. This study examined where college students prefer to seek help with personal problems (n=113). Surveyed students rank ordered seven potential help sources with regard to nine different problem areas. The seven potential sources of help were: self,…

Studies published in the last five years (since 1975) concerning how groups behave, with particular emphasis on implications for the administrator who wishes to deal more effectively with groups, are reviewed. The 25 studies represent 11 journals, written by authors from six related disciplines. For discussion purposes, the studies are divided…