By the beginning of 2020, there were widespread school closures caused by the spread of coronavirus for an unknown duration. Consequently, many schools turned to online learning using a software application, or a video conferencing system. As high levels of self-directed learning (SDL) are important for the quality of online learning, the present…

The quality agenda of higher education has a clear focus on teaching and learning. In this study, we apply a service marketing approach (GAP model) to discover the psychological contract (implicit expectations and obligations) of Hungarian higher education students (N = 356), exploring their expectations, satisfaction, obligations and self-image.…