Since 2005, the Chinese government has vigorously extended influence over American education. While well-researched in some areas, that influence is merely noted elsewhere. This report fills a gap in previous work by examining the role of Mandarin education in Communist China, how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) developed language as a tool of…

Acknowledging the importance of the ideological language component in language policy and planning within a micro-level language-planning framework, this paper sets out to identify and discuss the social representations of Portuguese higher education institution (HEI) stakeholders concerning: (i) language teaching and learning in HEIs and (ii) the…

How are processes of language policy formation carried out? Besides, how does one negotiate competing discourses in a policy process to ensure its legitimacy? Such questions sparked the interest for this study, which examines legitimization processes involved in the development of language policy guidelines at a higher education institution in…

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of language policy in the Philippines, with a particular emphasis on the status, challenges, and future prospects of Chinese language education within the national framework. The study is structured into five distinct sections. Firstly, the historical development of language policies in…

Balancing teaching national, regional, and foreign languages presents a challenge for higher education, illustrated by the use of hypertext for multilingual communication. This study investigates the correlation between proficiency in multilingualism and cultural awareness among higher education students. Embedded mixed methods design explores the…

Cooper's (1989) LPP framework focuses on 'who' the policy planner is and 'who' implements the policy to 'whom.' These are particularly significant factors in a highly centralized education system such as China's, where the effect of different individuals as actors in LPP remains largely unexplored. This article examines the controversy around the…

In this conceptual paper I examine how current understandings of English medium instruction (EMI) can be refined to inform language policy-making and practice in higher education. Starting from a set of EMI definitions (Dafouz, E., & Smit, U. 2020. "ROAD-MAPPING English medium education in the internationalized university." Palgrave…

This study discusses agency in language policy and planning (LPP) development from the perspective of Brazilian national language policies reflected in the local LPP programme/initiative of a public university in the Southeast region of the country. With that goal, national and local (institutional) documents are analysed and contrasted with the…

This book investigates the ways in which new developments in areas of language teaching practice, such as policy-making, planning, methodology and the use of educational technology are locally adopted, adapted, initiated, and implemented in Vietnam and Cambodia. The region is responding to a large number of significant challenges, including…

Situated within the context of globalization, the purpose of this historical policy analysis study was to identify and describe the ways in which multiple actors shaped national higher education internationalization policy within the U.S., and to capture the emerging direction in higher education internationalization policy at the national level…

Faculty workload is discussed in terms of teaching, research, and service and then considered in the context of institutional mission and workload standards. A model for defining a faculty workload policy is presented. (Contains seven references.) (LB)

A recent research project on foreign language needs in the Netherlands and an international seminar on foreign language needs are the basis for a discussion of two issues: (1) whether it is possible to quantify foreign language needs, and (2) whether suitable educational provisions can be made to meet those needs. (MSE)

Explores questions related to who educational policymakers are in the United States, the policies that they make, and the implications of these policies for foreign languages. Six commentaries are provided in response to the topic. (Author/VWL)

The history and impact of the University of New Brunswick's 1983 French Language Policy, calling for courses to be offered in French in a number of disciplines, are discussed. Despite unanimous support by the deans and a large population of eligible students, courses continue to have low enrollment. (Author/MSE)

Foreign language teachers' organization leaders criticize the ideas and planning behind a privately-funded National Foreign Language Center, charging that: they were not adequately involved in its preparation, adult language education would be overemphasized, the funds could be used otherwise, and a tendency toward a single language education…