Two studies were conducted to develop and refine instruments for measuring nonverbal immediacy, defined as approach behaviors increasing sensory stimulation and producing interpersonal closeness. In the first study, three instruments were developed concurrently and were tested to establish their reliability and preliminary validity. These…

Three studies tested the capability of three measurement instruments to predict a communication behavior across a variety of communication situations. The intent of these related studies was to demonstrate the utility of a self-presentation analysis of the concept of personality, an approach postulating that people strive to create the impression…

The Profile of Real/Ideal Scholastic Motivation (PRISM) self-report instrument is included in the user's manual. PRISM is a set of 30 postulates which measures attitudes in an educational setting (i.e., educational self-theory). The instrument has a closed response format chosen on the grounds of reliability, validity, and reactivity. It is scaled…

A set of tests that might be reasonably used as provisional criterion measures in research on scientific thinking, particularly creative thinking, were developed and an assessment was made of the suitability of these tests as criterion variables from the standpoint of their psychometric properties. The Tests of Scientific Thinking are performance…