The story of Modern Orthodox Jews on American college campuses is one of growth and gains. From the hard-fought battles of Yavneh in the 1960s, Modern Orthodox Jews have risen to a level of acceptance and accommodation that allows for a rich religious life during the college years. The question of the years ahead for Modern Orthodox Jews is whether fundamentally religious outlooks can continue to be compatible with the academy of higher learning, or if this too will fade into the past as a once-tenable synthesis that no longer works. This paper is divided into three sections. First, a general and brief history of Jews of all types in American universities will give broad context. Second, Modern Orthodoxy will be described in the present and through its emergence. Third, an analysis of how campus-based Modern Orthodox institutions have changed in the past few decades will shed further light on this population. Finally, these ideas will be put into context of larger trends in higher education.