Provides history and overview of Hmong immigrants to U.S. since Laos' fall to communists in 1975. Describes adjustment problems of Hmong resulting from vast differences between Hmong and American cultures. Notes specific adjustment and mental health problems. Suggests effective counseling interventions for Hmong Americans. (Author/CM)

Barriers to Hmong adults' participation in adult basic education (ABE) include nonliterate tradition, age, cooperative-learning style, and stress. Various programs attempt bilingual English as a Second Language, vocational English as a Second Language, or multicultural training for ABE staff. The lack of Hmong educators makes the latter an…