Parents experience difficulty helping their children with math at home. Math teachers can provide guidance or materials to parents. Little is known about whether this help from math teachers has benefits for parental support at home and thus contributes to students' academic development in math. The current study examines longitudinal associations…

Chilean data show that a large reading-proficiency gap exists between students with high and low socioeconomic status (SES), that most children do not see themselves as readers, and that half of adolescents read below grade level (Agencia de Calidad de la Educacion, 2019; Consejo Nacional de la Cultura y las Artes, 2014). To understand the reasons…