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Raudenbush, Stephen W.; Sadoff, Sally – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2008
A dramatic shift in research priorities has recently produced a large number of ambitious randomized trials in K-12 education. In most cases, the aim is to improve student academic learning by improving classroom instruction. Embedded in these studies are theories about how the quality of classroom must improve if these interventions are to…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Error of Measurement, Statistical Inference, Program Evaluation
Messick, Samuel – 1994
The traditional concept of validity divides it into three separate types; content, criterion, and construct validities. This view is fragmented and incomplete, failing to take into account evidence of the value implications of score meaning as a basis for action and of the social consequences of score use. The new unified concept of validity…
Descriptors: Construct Validity, Criteria, Educational Assessment, Hypothesis Testing