Most Chinese characters comprise radicals that are embedded in a specific structure (e.g., left-right structure like [Chinese characters omitted], or top-bottom structure like [Chinese characters omitted]). We investigated the representations of word-form units (i.e., radicals) in planning Chinese handwritten production. Adopting the picture-word…

The pedagogical and theoretical questions addressed in this study relate to the extent to which native Japanese readers with little or no knowledge of Chinese characters recognize Chinese characters that are viewed as abbreviations of the kanji they already know. Three graphic similarity functions (i.e., an orthographically acceptable similarity,…