Objective: This research examined why smokers receiving combination medication for smoking cessation are more likely to quit smoking than are those who receive either single agent (monotherapy) or placebo. Method: Data were collected from 1,504 current smokers (58.2% women, 83.9% White; mean age = 44.67 years, SD = 11.08) participating in a…

Evaluated effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a behavioral self-help manual for weight reduction through the use of 126 community subjects. Results at posttreatment and three-, six-, and sixteen-month follow-ups supported the behavioral manual's effectiveness in producing modest weight loss. (Author)

Summarizes current understanding of anorexia nervosa and bulimia (clinical symptoms and outcome, prevalence and risk factors), offering suggestions for the primary prevention of these disorders at the individual, family, and community levels, and emphasizing prevention in the schools. (Author/KS)

Compared four forms of psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy involving experienced therapists and psychiatric outpatients (N=106) in an outcome investigation. Results favored long-term group therapy and short-term individual therapy over long-term individual therapy and short-term group therapy. (LLL)

Studied effects of short-term, dynamically oriented individual therapy and patient characteristic quality of object relations (QOR) in study involving 8 therapists and 144 psychiatric outpatients. Best results were attained by high QOR therapy patients; worst results were attained by low QOR control patients. Results were suggestive of optimal…

Two studies examined the relation of premature termination (PT) from individual psychotherapy to topic determination (TD), the proportion of topic initiations subsequently followed by the other participant. Results showed that PT therapist and client dyads had lower levels of TD than did continuing dyads and that specific threshold levels of TD…

The type of helper from which help is sought and the causal locus to which the help seeker's problem is attributed have been suggested as factors that affect the way help seekers are perceived. The present study investigated the social rejection of help seekers as a function of these two variables. (Author)

Presents the results of a therapy-outcome study comparing the relative effectiveness of conjoint family therapy and one-person family therapy in Hispanic families (N=37). Results indicated that both treatment modalities were highly effective in improving family functioning and that one-person family therapy was more effective in reducing…

Used meta-analysis to study the clinical significance of psychotherapy for symptoms of unipolar depression, using the Beck Depression Inventory. Results indicated that psychotherapy produces outcomes of moderate clinical significance which are well-maintained at follow-up, that individual therapy is associated with greater clinical significance…

Describes the use of behavioral procedures as part of systems-oriented family therapy for the treatment of an adolescent girl's functional blackouts. Treatment successfully eliminated blackouts without directly addressing clear psychosexual issues. Discusses the case in terms of conceptualizing etiology and treatments and advocates working with…

Compared effectiveness of group assertion therapy with individual assertion therapy. Results indicated no significant differences between group v individual assertion training. Pre-, post-, and follow-up measures demonstrated that both treatments were effective in increasing assertive behavior skills and in reducing hostility and anger. Treatment…

Randomly assigned depressed family caregivers (n=66) of frail elderly relatives to 20 sessions of cognitive-behavioral (CB) or brief psychodynamic (PD) individual psychotherapy. At posttreatment, 71% of caregivers were no longer clinically depressed, with no differences found between two treatments. Found interaction between treatment modality and…

Both individual and group behavior therapies were compared to a stringent social pressure comparison program in the treatment of an obese female community population. Whereas the two group treatments resulted in successful maintenance of treatment-produced weight reduction, subjects treated with individual behavior therapy showed substantial…

Marijuana-dependent young adults (N = 136), all referred by the criminal justice system, were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment conditions: a motivational/skills-building intervention (motivational enhancement therapy/cognitive-behavioral therapy; MET/CBT) plus incentives contingent on session attendance or submission of marijuana-free urine…

Evaluated 18 child therapy outcome studies containing 26 treatment/control comparisons on at least 1 language measure. Results indicated that child therapy had significant positive impact of children's language proficiencies; individual was superior to group treatment. Trends emerged suggesting relationships between magnitude of language change…