Explores 13 adult clients' internal representations of their therapists. Results indicate that in the context of a good therapeutic relationship, clients' internal representations combined modalities; were triggered by thoughts of sessions or when distressed; occurred in diverse locations; and varied in frequency, duration, and intensity.…

Measured expectations held by male and female clients and nonclients for group and individual counseling modes, using the Expectations About Counseling questionnaire. Results indicated significant differences between modes, sexes, and populations; however, no interaction effects were noted. (JAC)

Identified preferences of bereaved parents for dimensions of individual psychological counseling during different phases of grieving. The sample consisted of 42 bereaved parents (25 women, 17 men). Results suggested that bereaved parents in general had preferences for counseling dimensions during different phases of grieving. (Author)

Examined relation of characteristics of career counseling interventions to career counseling outcomes. Explored 240 treatment-control comparisons resulting from 58 studies containing 7,311 subjects. Class interventions were most effective but required most time. Individual counseling produced more client gain per hour than other intervention…

Analyzed 20 sexually abused girls' pretreatment and posttreatment preference for sex of their counselor and girls' anticipated comfort with male versus female counselor, along with clients' actual posttreatment comfort. Girls treated by male counselors expressed significantly greater preference for and anticipated comfort with male counselors…

Female nonclient subjects showing high tolerance for ambiguity on a laboratory task were found to be lower on a validated scale of counseling readiness than low-tolerant females. Higher tolerance for ambiguity in female clients was associated with earlier departure from counseling and with less improvement. (Author)

Adult children of alcoholics (n=24) were tested on measures of loneliness, anxiety, hostility, depression, and interpersonal dependency before and after participation in short-term group therapy. Highly significant test score changes supported effectiveness of individual therapy in short-term groups. (Author/NB)

Examined verb type and noun case role usages of a counselor and client from the first, 11th, and 25th interviews in one counseling case. Analysis indicated participants were remarkably similar in frequency with which they used specific verb types and case roles of particular noun phrases within each interview. (Author)

The Fischer-Turner Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help inventory was evaluated. Subjects reporting prior professional assistance for psychological problems espoused more favorable attitudes than individuals without such professional contact. Help-seeking attitudes were found to represent a significant positive influence on the…

A scale was constructed to test Hershenson's 1968 formulation that in vocational development, self-differentiation precedes competence, which precedes independence, which in turn precedes commitment. Staff ratings on scale items related to each stage were made on 222 clients in a deaf rehabilitation project, who were divided into high- and…

Clients of both sexes were significantly less likely to return for more counseling when initially interviewed by male intake counselors than by female intake counselors. No significant relationships between return rate and counselor experience level or the decision to keep or to refer clients were observed. (Author)

Examined type of situation and sex of the counselor in assertive training. Female subjects were given training in making complaints, small talk, and saying no to unreasonable requests. Significant improvement occurred. Subjects seen by a male counselor changed significantly more than subjects seen by a female counselor. (Author)

This study investigated two models of counseling to determine which best facilitates self-disclosure and trust in black college students. One model involved professional counselors; the other consisted of minimally trained peer counselors. Both groups disclosed and trusted at a significantly higher level after treatment. (Author)

Evaluates the effects of individual and group counseling with vocationally unrealistic high school boys. (Author/NJ)

The experimental treatment was more effective in increasing vocational development than either the individual counseling or control treatments, and individual counseling was more effective than the control treatment. No differences were found among groups in regard to individual counselors, sex of students, or in student counseling assessments.…