Apparent success of the marathon groups in altering the perceptions of Black female heroin addicts toward the future, counseling, and themselves offers preliminary evidence that marathons may have potential as a counseling strategy with these clients. Future research needs to be performed to substantiate or reject these findings. (Author/PD)

A review of the literature on feedback delivered in small groups reveals there are many gaps in knowledge of the most effective ways for individuals to give and receive information about themselves and each other. The present study was designed to examine further this phenomenon. (Author)

A conceptual model for goal formulation in social groupwork, discussion of existing models and their limitations, and an attempt to formulate an encompassing groupwork model that facilitates goal formulation. (Author/PD)

This study was concerned with determining whether short-term groups oriented toward self-awareness are capable of producing changes in the participants' ability to manage their own feelings of anxiety and to develop more functional self-perceptions in the area of their cognitive processes, emotional reactions, and physical attributes. (Author)

Presents a view of group process development based on psychoanalytic theory in which each phase of group operation is related to human developmental stages, i.e., the oral, anal, and phallic. (RC)

Overviews themes relating to humanistic psychology. Discusses the tendency of theorists to unconsciously externalize their own psyches. Examines the historical context of humanistic psychology. Discusses humanistic psychology's contribution to understanding the less healthy person. Provides instances of unrealistic thinking by humanistic…

Confirms that leadership variables are the most potent determinants of group effectiveness. Anglo female leaders are most effective although sex is not the basic determinant. Language is an influential variable. Group effectiveness is not dependent on cultural matching of members and leaders. (Author/BEF)

This article examines the idea that social norms are not permanently incorporated into a person's personality. The author presents the argument that in a group situation subjects are conditioned toward similarity while afterward, the individual's behavior gradually returns to an "operant level". Tests show this argument to be essentially true.…

Investigates effects of human relations laboratory experiences on interpersonal behavior of college students. Subjects were 79 college students. Results indicate participation in human relations training laboratories does have an effect on self-perception and behavior. (Author/HMV)

Findings suggest that peers' ratings of behavior of coparticipants in small, interpersonally oriented groups might yield valid data on how accepting the participants were of both others and self. An instrument designed to assess both self-acceptance and the acceptance of others in small groups was used to measure personality. (Author)

A model for the personal responsibility group is presented. Each person in the group chooses goals based on personal perspectives and is not subordinate to an authority or to the group. Personal responsibility for actions and decisions is taken by each group member. (RC)

Investigates whether interpersonal skills training raises the level of facilitativeness of the trainers. Results are positive. (Author)

Examined 13 training groups for which developmental patterns were previously established to test hypotheses relating individual development to group development. Results support hypothesis that changes in social constructs used by participants after training to describe themselves and others are a function of specific developmental patterns of the…

Defines and explains the difference of marathon groups and psychotherapy. (HMV)

Proposes that many works of art can be viewed as the products of a group and not just the individual artist. Examines the life history of a group of impressionist painters. Discusses how a group develops over time, group processes, and how the group contributes to artistic development. (RC)