Portion of this paper presented to National Association of Educational Broadcasters, Instructional Division (Santa Barbara, Calif., April 4, 1966). Research sponsored by U.S. Office of Education.

Research on aptitude-instructional treatment interactions has shown that the relation of general ability to learning tends to increase as instruction places increased information processing burdens on learners and to decrease as instruction is designed to reduce the information processing demands on learners. This report summarizes a research…

The theoretical and methodological concepts available to and needed by research on aptitudes as cognitive processes are discussed. Contemporary views of cognitive processes are examined in relation to individual difference constructs and the methods used to examine their reliability and validity. Individual difference constructs are discussed in…

Reviews concepts of aptitude and aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) and summarizes lessons learned in ATI research on educational treatments to help ATI research on psychotherapeutic treatments. Research design and data analysis recommendations address aptitude distributions, multivariate aptitude complexes, detective work with scatterplots,…

In addressing the question of whether learner control of instruction can accommodate individual differences, this paper discusses some characteristics of learner control, including those conditions of learning which the student can control and those imposed by society and its institutions which are not under individual control. Studies of attempts…

Suggests that instructional theory is possible, but it should concern itself only with narrowly circumscribed local instructional situations, relatively small chunks of curriculum for relatively small segments of the educational population. (Author/AM)

Education at its best is an "aptitude development program" that promotes development of learning abilities and effective personal styles needed for future learning in school and throughout life. Much of this development involves adapting and expanding the symbol systems used in teaching and learning to convey essential meanings. Adaptive…

This pilot study investigated some relationships between tested ability variables and processing parameters obtained from memory search and visual search tasks. The 25 undergraduates who participated had also participated in a previous investigation by Chiang and Atkinson. A battery of traditional ability tests and several film tests were…

Limitations of current information-processing research on the nature of intelligence are discussed. Major criticisms are that the tasks are static; lack of generalizability from the laboratory to the real world; and collective intellect, motives, goals, circumstances, and ambiguity are not addressed in either theory or research. (Author/RD)

This report is a review of current literature on the relation of aptitudes to learning outcomes under different instructional methods or conditions. Included are: (1) aptitude-instructional treatment interaction studies; (2) notes on new methodological problems; (3) and studies of individual differences in laboratory learning arrangements.…

The first and founding conference of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction was held in Belgium from June 10-13, 1985. This article concentrates on highlights that suggest intersections between three of the six conference themes: problem-solving; cognition-motivation interaction; and individual differences. Conference…

Literature on cognition and learning in young adults is surveyed. First, an outline of a theory of the cognition-learning system is presented, reviewing the characteristics of each of the major components of the system. Particular attention is paid to the differences between young adults and other age groups in information processing skills.…

This report collects together three presentations given by the author at scientific and professional meetings during the Spring of 1977. The first discusses present views of the variety and complexity of individual differences among human beings in the context of current research on cognitive processing in learning and instruction. The second…

A vast literature in educational psychology attests to the fact that individual differences in learner aptitudes predict learning outcomes. A substantial body of literature also demonstrates that aptitude variables often interact with instructional treatment variables in these predictions. Aptitude main effects and aptitude-instructional treatment…

The theoretical and methodological concepts for research on aptitudes as cognitive processes are discussed. Individual differences constructs are reviewed in relation to cognitive processing models, and studies of short-term memory are reviewed. A coordinated approach to the study of aptitude as information processing is recommended. (Author/RD)